/* buildmap_tiger.c - a module to read the original Tiger files. * * LICENSE: * * Copyright 2002 Pascal F. Martin * * This file is part of RoadMap. * * RoadMap is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * RoadMap is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with RoadMap; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA * * SYNOPSYS: * * This module decodes (and converts to the RoadMap format) the TIGER/Line * data. * * See buildmap-tiger.h */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "roadmap.h" #include "roadmap_types.h" #include "roadmap_math.h" #include "roadmap_path.h" #include "buildmap.h" #include "buildmap_zip.h" #include "buildmap_tiger.h" #include "buildmap_city.h" #include "buildmap_square.h" #include "buildmap_point.h" #include "buildmap_line.h" #include "buildmap_street.h" #include "buildmap_range.h" #include "buildmap_area.h" #include "buildmap_shape.h" #include "buildmap_polygon.h" #include "buildmap_metadata.h" #include "buildmap_layer.h" static BuildMapDictionary DictionaryPrefix; static BuildMapDictionary DictionaryStreet; static BuildMapDictionary DictionaryType; static BuildMapDictionary DictionarySuffix; static BuildMapDictionary DictionaryCity; static BuildMapDictionary DictionaryLandmark; static int BuildMapFormat = 2000; /* Road layers. */ static int BuildMapLayerFreeway = 0; static int BuildMapLayerRamp = 0; static int BuildMapLayerMain = 0; static int BuildMapLayerStreet = 0; static int BuildMapLayerTrail = 0; /* Area layers. */ static int BuildMapLayerParc = 0; static int BuildMapLayerHospital = 0; static int BuildMapLayerAirport = 0; static int BuildMapLayerStation = 0; static int BuildMapLayerMall = 0; /* Water layers. */ static int BuildMapLayerShoreline = 0; static int BuildMapLayerRiver = 0; static int BuildMapLayerCanal = 0; static int BuildMapLayerLake = 0; static int BuildMapLayerSea = 0; static struct { const char *name; int line_count; int landmark_count; } BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[256]; static void buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (int verbose, int *layer, const char *name) { *layer = buildmap_layer_get (name); if (*layer > 0) { if (verbose) fprintf (stderr, " %3d %s\n", *layer, name); if (*layer < 256) { BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[*layer].name = name; BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[*layer].line_count = 0; BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[*layer].landmark_count = 0; } } } static void buildmap_tiger_set_layers (int verbose) { if (verbose) fprintf (stderr, "Enabled TIGER layers:\n"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerFreeway, "freeways"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerRamp, "ramps"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerMain, "highways"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerStreet, "streets"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerTrail, "trails"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerParc, "parks"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerHospital, "hospitals"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerAirport, "airports"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerStation, "stations"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerMall, "malls"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerShoreline, "shore"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerRiver, "rivers"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerCanal, "canals"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerLake, "lakes"); buildmap_tiger_set_one_layer (verbose, &BuildMapLayerSea, "sea"); } static void tigerAdjust (char *line, int *start, int *end) { /* The tiger format starts at position 1, C starts at position 0. */ *end -= 1; *start -= 1; /* Get rid of header and trailer spaces. */ while (line[*end] == ' ') (*end)--; while (line[*start] == ' ') (*start)++; } static int tiger2int (char *line, int start, int end) { int i; int sign; int result = 0; char digit; tigerAdjust (line, &start, &end); if (end < start) return 0; if (line[start] == '-') { sign = -1; start++; }else if (line[start] == '+') { sign = 1; start++; } else { sign = 1; } for (i = start; i <= end; i++) { digit = line[i]; if ((digit < '0') || (digit > '9')) { buildmap_error (i, "bad numerical character %c", digit); if (i > start) continue; } result = (result * 10) + (digit - '0'); } if ((end - start >= 11) && (line[start] >= 2)) { buildmap_error (i, "%sinteger overflow in %s", (line[start] >= 3) ? "" : "potential ", line+start); } return sign * result; } static unsigned int tiger2address (char *line, int start, int end) { tigerAdjust (line, &start, &end); if (end < start) return 0; if ((end - start >= 11) && (line[start] >= 2)) { buildmap_error (start, "%sinteger overflow in %s", (line[start] >= 3) ? "" : "potential ", line+start); } return roadmap_math_street_address (line + start, end - start + 1); } static RoadMapString tiger2string (BuildMapDictionary d, char *line, int start, int end) { tigerAdjust (line, &start, &end); if (end < start) { return buildmap_dictionary_add (d, "", 0); } return buildmap_dictionary_add (d, line+start, end - start + 1); } /* This function returns the roadmap type for a given polygon or * polygone's line. */ static char tiger2area (char *line, int start, int end) { switch (line[start-1]) { /* Adjust: tiger start from 1, C starts from 0. */ case 'D': /* Area. */ switch (line[start]) { case '8': return BuildMapLayerParc; case '3': if (line[start+1] == '1') { return BuildMapLayerHospital; } break; case '5': switch (line[start+1]) { case '1': return BuildMapLayerAirport; case '2': return BuildMapLayerStation; case '3': return BuildMapLayerStation; } break; case '6': if (line[start+1] == '1') { return BuildMapLayerMall; } break; } break; case 'H': /* Rivers, lakes and sea. */ switch (line[start]) { case '3': return BuildMapLayerLake; case '4': return BuildMapLayerLake; /* Reservoir. */ case '6': return BuildMapLayerLake; /* Quarry. */ } break; } return 0; /* Skip this record. */ } /* This function returns the roadmap type for a Tiger line. * If the value is 0, the line will be ignored. * Note that we must not ignore lines that belong to a type of * area that will be processed: this is why we fallback to tiger2area. */ static char tiger2type (char *line, int start, int end) { switch (line[start-1]) { /* Adjust: tiger start from 1, C starts from 0. */ case 'A': /* Roads. */ switch (line[start]) { case '1': return BuildMapLayerFreeway; case '2': return BuildMapLayerMain; case '3': return BuildMapLayerMain; case '4': return BuildMapLayerStreet; case '6': if (line[start+1] == '3') { return BuildMapLayerRamp; } break; default: return BuildMapLayerTrail; } break; case 'H': /* Rivers, lakes and sea. */ switch (line[start]) { case '0': return BuildMapLayerShoreline; case '1': return BuildMapLayerRiver; case '2': return BuildMapLayerCanal; case '5': return BuildMapLayerSea; default: return tiger2area (line, start, end); } break; default: return tiger2area (line, start, end); } return 0; } static char *buildmap_tiger_read (const char *source, const char *extension, int verbose, int *size) { int file; char *data; struct stat state_result; char *full_name = malloc(strlen(source) + strlen(extension) + 4); roadmap_check_allocated(full_name); strcpy (full_name, source); strcat (full_name, extension); buildmap_set_source (full_name); file = open (full_name, O_RDONLY); if (file < 0) { buildmap_error (0, "cannot open file %s", full_name); return NULL; } if (fstat (file, &state_result) != 0) { buildmap_error (0, "cannot stat file"); return NULL; } if (verbose) { buildmap_info ("size = %d Mbytes", state_result.st_size / (1024 * 1024)); } data = mmap (NULL, state_result.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, file, 0); if (data == MAP_FAILED) { buildmap_error (0, "cannot mmap"); return NULL; } close (file); free (full_name); *size = state_result.st_size; return data; } static void tiger_summary (int verbose, int count) { buildmap_summary (verbose, "%d records", count); } /* Table 1: lines. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rt1 (const char *source, int verbose) { int size; int estimated; int line_count; int record_count; int merged_range_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int line; int street; RoadMapZip zip = 0; char cfcc; int tlid; RoadMapString fedirp; RoadMapString fename; RoadMapString fetype; RoadMapString fedirs; RoadMapString city; RoadMapString place; unsigned int fraddl; unsigned int toaddl; unsigned int fraddr; unsigned int toaddr; int zipl; int zipr; int frlong; int frlat; int tolong; int tolat; int from_point; int to_point; DictionaryPrefix = buildmap_dictionary_open ("prefix"); DictionaryStreet = buildmap_dictionary_open ("street"); DictionaryType = buildmap_dictionary_open ("type"); DictionarySuffix = buildmap_dictionary_open ("suffix"); data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RT1", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; estimated = size / 229; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; merged_range_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += 229) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != '1') { fprintf (stderr, "%*.*s\n", 228, 228, cursor); buildmap_fatal (0, "bad type '%c'", cursor[0]); } cfcc = tiger2type (cursor, 56, 58); tlid = tiger2int (cursor, 6, 15); if (cfcc == 0) { /* Even if filtered out, a line should be still recorded if * it is part of a polygon we recorded: we need the line to * draw the polygon. */ cfcc = buildmap_polygon_use_line (tlid); } if (cfcc > 0) { fedirp = tiger2string (DictionaryPrefix, cursor, 18, 19); fename = tiger2string (DictionaryStreet, cursor, 20, 49); fetype = tiger2string (DictionaryType, cursor, 50, 53); fedirs = tiger2string (DictionarySuffix, cursor, 54, 55); fraddl = tiger2address (cursor, 59, 69); toaddl = tiger2address (cursor, 70, 80); fraddr = tiger2address (cursor, 81, 91); toaddr = tiger2address (cursor, 92, 102); zipl = tiger2int (cursor, 107, 111); zipr = tiger2int (cursor, 112, 116); frlong = tiger2int (cursor, 191, 200); frlat = tiger2int (cursor, 201, 209); tolong = tiger2int (cursor, 210, 219); tolat = tiger2int (cursor, 220, 228); from_point = buildmap_point_add (frlong, frlat); to_point = buildmap_point_add (tolong, tolat); BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[(int)cfcc].line_count += 1; line = buildmap_line_add (tlid, cfcc, from_point, to_point); if (cursor[55] == 'A') { /* Roads. */ street = buildmap_street_add (cfcc, fedirp, fename, fetype, fedirs, line); if ((zipl > 0) || (zipr > 0)) { /* Check if the two sides of the street can be merged into * a single range (same city/place, same zip, and same range * beside the even/odd difference). */ int merged_range = 0; int diff_fr = fraddr - fraddl; int diff_to = toaddr - toaddl; if ((zipl == zipr) && (diff_fr > -10) && (diff_fr < 10) && (diff_to > -10) && (diff_to < 10)) { RoadMapString cityl; RoadMapString cityr; cityl = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 141, 145)); cityr = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 146, 150)); if (cityl == cityr) { RoadMapString placel; RoadMapString placer; placel = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 161, 165)); placer = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 166, 170)); if (placel == placer) { unsigned int fradd; unsigned int toadd; buildmap_range_merge (fraddl, toaddl, fraddr, toaddr, &fradd, &toadd); zip = buildmap_zip_add (zipl, frlong, frlat); if (placel > 0) { buildmap_range_add_place (placel, cityl); cityl = placel; } buildmap_range_add (line, street, fradd, toadd, zip, cityl); merged_range = 1; merged_range_count += 1; } } } if (zipl > 0) { city = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 141, 145)); place = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 161, 165)); if (! merged_range) { if (place > 0) { buildmap_range_add_place (place, city); city = place; } zip = buildmap_zip_add (zipl, frlong, frlat); buildmap_range_add (line, street, fraddl, toaddl, zip, city); } } if (zipr > 0) { city = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 146, 150)); place = buildmap_city_get_name (tiger2int (cursor, 166, 170)); if (! merged_range) { if (place > 0) { buildmap_range_add_place (place, city); city = place; } if (zipr != zipl) { zip = buildmap_zip_add (zipr, frlong, frlat); } buildmap_range_add (line, street, fraddr, toaddr, zip, city); } } } else { buildmap_range_add_no_address (line, street); } } else if (cursor[55] == 'D') { /* Areas. */ buildmap_area_add (cfcc, fedirp, fename, fetype, fedirs, tlid); } record_count += 1; } if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated); } } if (cursor[228] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[228] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); if (merged_range_count > 0) { buildmap_summary (verbose, "%d ranges merged", merged_range_count); } } /* Table 2: shapes. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rt2 (const char *source, int verbose) { static int LocationOfPoint[] = {19, 38, 57, 76, 95, 114, 133, 152, 171, 190}; int size; int estimated_lines; int line_count; int record_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int i; int location; int tlid; int sequence; int longitude; int latitude; int line_index; data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RT2", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; estimated_lines = size / 209; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; /* We need the lines to be sorted, because we will order the shape * according to the orders of the lines. */ buildmap_line_sort(); for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += 209) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != '2') { buildmap_error (0, "bad type %c", cursor[0]); continue; } tlid = tiger2int (cursor, 6, 15); line_index = buildmap_line_find_sorted (tlid); if (line_index >= 0) { sequence = tiger2int (cursor, 16, 18) - 1; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { location = LocationOfPoint[i]; longitude = tiger2int (cursor, location, location + 9); if (longitude != 0) { latitude = tiger2int (cursor, location+10, location+18); buildmap_shape_add (line_index, 0, tlid, (10 * sequence) + i, longitude, latitude); record_count += 1; } } } if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated_lines); } } if (cursor[208] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[208] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); } /* Table C: cities. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rtc (const char *source, int verbose) { int rtc_line_size; int size; int estimated_lines; int line_count; int record_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int fips; int year; short city; DictionaryCity = buildmap_dictionary_open ("city"); data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RTC", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; if (BuildMapFormat == 2002) { rtc_line_size = 123; } else { rtc_line_size = 113; } estimated_lines = size / rtc_line_size; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += rtc_line_size) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != 'C') { fprintf (stderr, "%*.*s\n", 112, 112, cursor); buildmap_fatal (0, "bad type %c", cursor[0]); continue; } /* Forget the records that describe the 1990 census code. */ if (cursor[10] != '1') { fips = tiger2int (cursor, 15, 19); if (cursor[10] == 'E' || cursor[10] == 'C') { year = 2002; } else { year = tiger2int (cursor, 11, 14); } if (fips > 0) { if (BuildMapFormat == 2002) { city = tiger2string (DictionaryCity, cursor, 63, 122); } else { city = tiger2string (DictionaryCity, cursor, 53, 112); } if (cursor[21] != ' ' && cursor[21] != 'X' && cursor[21] != 'Z') { buildmap_city_add (fips, year, city); } record_count += 1; } } if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated_lines); } } if (cursor[rtc_line_size - 1] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[rtc_line_size - 1] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); } /* Table 7: landmarks. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rt7 (const char *source, int verbose) { int size; int estimated_lines; int line_count; int record_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int landid; char cfcc; short landname; DictionaryLandmark = buildmap_dictionary_open ("landmark"); data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RT7", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; estimated_lines = size / 75; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += 75) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != '7') { fprintf (stderr, "%*.*s\n", 74, 74, cursor); buildmap_fatal (0, "bad type %c", cursor[0]); continue; } cfcc = tiger2area (cursor, 22, 24); if (cfcc > 0) { BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[(int)cfcc].landmark_count += 1; landid = tiger2int (cursor, 11, 20); landname = tiger2string (DictionaryLandmark, cursor, 25, 54); buildmap_polygon_add_landmark (landid, cfcc, landname); } record_count += 1; if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated_lines); } } if (cursor[74] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[74] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); } /* Table 8: polygons. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rt8 (const char *source, int verbose) { int size; int estimated_lines; int line_count; int record_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int landid; int polyid; short cenid; BuildMapDictionary dictionary_cenid = buildmap_dictionary_open (".cenid"); data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RT8", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; estimated_lines = size / 37; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += 37) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != '8') { fprintf (stderr, "%*.*s\n", 36, 36, cursor); buildmap_fatal (0, "bad type %c", cursor[0]); continue; } landid = tiger2int (cursor, 26, 35); cenid = tiger2string (dictionary_cenid, cursor, 11, 15); polyid = tiger2int (cursor, 16, 25); buildmap_polygon_add (landid, cenid, polyid); record_count += 1; if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated_lines); } } if (cursor[36] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[36] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); } /* Table I: polygon lines. */ static void buildmap_tiger_read_rti (const char *source, int verbose) { int rti_line_size; int size; int estimated_lines; int line_count; int record_count; char *data; char *cursor; char *end_of_data; int tlid; short cenidl; int polyidl; short cenidr; int polyidr; BuildMapDictionary dictionary_cenid = buildmap_dictionary_open (".cenid"); data = buildmap_tiger_read (source, ".RTI", verbose, &size); if (data == NULL) return; if (BuildMapFormat == 2002) { rti_line_size = 128; } else { rti_line_size = 53; } estimated_lines = size / rti_line_size; line_count = 0; record_count = 0; end_of_data = data + size; for (cursor = data; cursor < end_of_data; cursor += rti_line_size) { line_count += 1; buildmap_set_line (line_count); if (cursor[0] != 'I') { fprintf (stderr, "%*.*s\n", rti_line_size-1, rti_line_size-1, cursor); buildmap_fatal (0, "bad type %c", cursor[0]); continue; } if (BuildMapFormat == 2002) { tlid = tiger2int (cursor, 11, 20); cenidl = tiger2string (dictionary_cenid, cursor, 41, 45); polyidl = tiger2int (cursor, 46, 55); cenidr = tiger2string (dictionary_cenid, cursor, 56, 60); polyidr = tiger2int (cursor, 61, 70); } else { tlid = tiger2int (cursor, 6, 15); cenidl = tiger2string (dictionary_cenid, cursor, 22, 26); polyidl = tiger2int (cursor, 27, 36); cenidr = tiger2string (dictionary_cenid, cursor, 37, 41); polyidr = tiger2int (cursor, 42, 51); } if ((cenidl != cenidr) || (polyidl != polyidr)) { if (cenidl > 0 && polyidl > 0) { buildmap_polygon_add_line (cenidl, polyidl, tlid, POLYGON_SIDE_LEFT); } if (cenidr > 0 && polyidr > 0) { buildmap_polygon_add_line (cenidr, polyidr, tlid, POLYGON_SIDE_RIGHT); } } record_count += 1; if (verbose) { if ((line_count & 0xff) == 0) { buildmap_progress (line_count, estimated_lines); } } if (cursor[rti_line_size-1] == '\r') { cursor += 1; /* Case of an MS-DOS format file. */ } if (cursor[rti_line_size-1] != '\n') { buildmap_error (0, "bad end of line"); } } munmap (data, size); tiger_summary (verbose, record_count); } void buildmap_tiger_set_format (int year) { BuildMapFormat = year; } void buildmap_tiger_process (const char *source, const char *county, int verbose) { int i; char *base = roadmap_path_remove_extension (source); buildmap_tiger_set_layers (verbose); buildmap_tiger_read_rtc (base, verbose); /* Cities. */ buildmap_tiger_read_rt7 (base, verbose); /* landmarks. */ buildmap_tiger_read_rt8 (base, verbose); /* Polygons. */ buildmap_tiger_read_rti (base, verbose); /* Polygon lines. */ buildmap_tiger_read_rt1 (base, verbose); /* Lines. */ buildmap_tiger_read_rt2 (base, verbose); /* Shapes. */ buildmap_metadata_add_attribute ("Territory", "Id", county); buildmap_metadata_add_attribute ("Territory", "Parent", "us"); buildmap_metadata_add_value ("Territory", "Parent", "United States of America"); buildmap_metadata_add_attribute ("Class", "Name", "All"); buildmap_metadata_add_attribute ("Data", "Source", "USCB"); if (verbose) { fprintf (stderr, "-- %s: layer statistics:\n", roadmap_path_skip_directories(source)); for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) { if (BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[i].name != NULL) { fprintf (stderr, "-- %s: %s: %d lines, %d landmarks\n", roadmap_path_skip_directories(source), BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[i].name, BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[i].line_count, BuildMapTigerLayerStatistics[i].landmark_count); } } } free(base); }